Sample Persuasive Speech - 1321 Words

Credit Card Debt ATTENTION GAINER: I am going to need some audience participation. Everyone take a $5, $10, or $20 dollar bill out. How many of you are willing to rip your money up? You probably wouldn’t do it and think this is crazy, but we throw money away like this in the name of our car, television, or shoes every month. Let me give you an example. SIGNIFICANCE (ATLEAST 1 SOURCE): Let’s say you owe $1000 on your credit card and you have a minimum payment due of $25 and you are being charged 19% interest. How long do you think it would take you to pay it off by just making the minimum payments? The answer is 7 years according to the February 2005 issue of University Wire. And for the first year you†¦show more content†¦Although the banks never checked to see if he would be able to pay his debts they still offered him more and more money. Once his limits grew he was able to spend more, which caused his payments to increase as well. Why did he have so many credit cards? Well, what he was doing was taking out new cards in order to pay off others. As time when on, he started receiving numerous letters and telephone calls threatening legal action. Unfortunately he didn’t see a way out of this out of control debt and decided to end his life as evidenced by the February 2005 issue of Daily Mail. TRANSITION: Now that you have a better understanding of the risky business of owning credit cards, let us examine who is to blame? CAUSE (ATLEAST 2 SOURCES): First, we must blame ourselves for letting this debt build up. It’s so easy to just say â€Å"charge it† and deal with the money later. It’s so much more convenient to use a credit card then using our cash. In the April 2005 issue of University Wire, Dr. James Roberts conducted a study about the spending habits of students around the country. He found that students who used credit cards to pay for their books weren’t able to tell within $30, $40, or even $50 dollars of how much they spent compared to the students who used cash and were able to tell within a few dollars how much theyShow MoreRelatedUse And Manipulation Of The English Language1394 Words   |  6 Pagesof grammar and incorporating complex sentences and a wide range of vocabulary. In addition, the manipulation of the English language in writing and speaking, with the use of figurative language and compositional techniques, makes the writing more persuasive. Speaking properly and e ffectively will change the way we talk and will change the way people will listen to us. By displaying knowledge and skill towards the widely accepted language, we make our speaking and writing more impactful, gaining authorityRead MorePlastic Surgery2826 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Due Date: Persuasive Outline and Speech Presentation: Due in Dropbox (Outline) and on YouTube (Video) on or before TUESDAY, October 15, 2013 (11:50PM) Assignment Details: Purpose and Information: The persuasive speech is deliberative. It employs emotion, credibility, and logic to convince an audience that a narrowly defined action is beneficial. The persuasive proposition (thesis) is generally supported by two to three main ideas which employ about two to three pieces of evidence each.Read MoreTreatment Plans And Interventions For Depression And Anxiety Disorders : An Article Analysis721 Words   |  3 Pagescharacteristic of many or even only some. When someone makes a generalized statement about a group of people that is not true or supported then they are making a logical error. It is vital when studying a group of people you have a sample that is representative of the population, and the sample question is valid. One generalization made in the argument is the expansive use of trigger warnings may also foster unhealthy mental habits in the vastly larger group of students who do not suffer from PTSD or other anxietyRead MorePersuasive Speech Essays1752 Words   |  8 Pag esPersuasive Speech Assignment (Total 100 points) I. Speech Performance (80 points) 1. Your speech should be based on a question of policy which solves a controversial problem (of national importance) and to persuade your audience that your solution is the best possible one (Please see the attached â€Å"Possible Persuasive Speech Topics based on Questions of Policy†--however, you do not have to select one of these topics if you have better idea. It is just for your reference). 2. SpeechRead MorePersuasion Is The Process, And Motivation1322 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Speech â€Å"Persuasion is the process, and motivation is the compelling stimulus that encourages your audience to change their beliefs or behavior, to adopt your position, or to consider your arguments, (McLean, 2012)†. Persuasion is an act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience,†. This involve observation of available means in a public speaking for persuasion, for remember persuading my husband to buy a car for my 40th birthday even that’s not he wantsRead MorePublic Speaking Reflection898 Words   |  4 Pages Like some people, public speaking is not my forte. When I enrolled in speech communication class, I believed that this class will be a great opportunity for me to improve on one of my biggest weaknesses, and at the end, which I believe has successfully improved on. From delivering the speeches in class and also being a listener to speeches of other members of the class has been an interesting experience. When I initially began this class, I had little knowledge on what is in store aside from thatRead MoreInformative Speech : Product Testing On Animals785 Words   |  4 PagesTYPE OF SPEECH: Persuasive Speech Topic: Product testing on animals Purpose Statement: Keep from testing cosmetics on animals. Thesis Statement: Animals are forced to try products. From forced eating to wearing l oreal makeup. Organizational Pattern: Problem- Solution --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction Attention Getter (Capture): Have you ever wished for a rabbit or a guinea pig? Motivate: Most of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Propaganda On Women s Rights1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Honorary Chairperson of the United States delegation to the conference, she gave the speech, Women s Rights Are Human Rights in the first few days during a special Plenary Session. In the speech, she utilized several persuasive techniques, also known as propaganda, grasping people s attention in order to achieve support for the claim of the women s rights she was devoted to. Propaganda is usually a speech device that people intently use to induce or intensify others actions and attitudesRead MoreThe World Could A Person Figure Out Why An Author1213 Words   |  5 Pagescategories used to organize the reasons why author’s write. In most cases, authors write to inform, entertain, or persuade the reader. Take a look at the information in the chart below to learn more about these three categories. Purpose Typical Genres Sample of Text Inform – to teach the readers something they may not already know encyclopedias reference texts essays or articles instructions or directions biographies The rotation of the Earth is gradually slowing. The result is a lengthening of daysRead MoreDisaster Management Speech : Background And Context963 Words   |  4 PagesDISASTER MANAGEMENT SPEECH Background and Context: I am assuming a scenario where the Chief of the medical board is addressing a press conference. The speech would be delivered at the office of the medical director; the US and Iowa flag visible in the background. The rhetorical situation of the speech would be primarily assuring the citizens of the Polk County that the root cause of the endemic has been spotted, sales of the particular candy stalled for the time and they are fully prepared counter

Is The Civil War Over - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1193 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Wars have been happening existing since the beginning of humanity. The 20th century includes many major wars since the beginning of time which are the two world wars and many other wars which resulted in millions of deaths. The second world war alone resulted in 60 million casualties (Berthon). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is The Civil War Over?" essay for you Create order In addition, the 20th century also includes the Lebanese civil war (1975) which started when the Israel government sent thousands of refugees to Lebanon, and that resulted in a dilemma between the Christians and the Palestinians on Lebanese soil(citation). However, that is only one of the reasons that led to the war. Wars usually start after piling up many problems and conflicts. The Muslims became allies with the Palestinians which resulted in the separation of Beirut, between East and West. The Eastern part of Lebanon was occupied by the Christians and the Western part of Lebanon was occupied by the Muslims. This war resulted in dividing Lebanon into 18 sects creating many unsolved political conflicts. This civil war has had and still has a big impact (directly and indirectly) on the Lebanese families. Hence, this essay aims to shed some light on the effect of the Lebanese civil war on my mother and the rest of the citizens, socially, psychologically, and economically. My mother Wafaa was born in an area in Mount Lebanon called Abey on November 28, 1964, 11 years before the Lebanese civil war begun. She has four older sisters and one younger brother. Her father, the owner of a furniture gallery in Beirut and her mother, a housewife that took care of her children. My mother and her siblings risked their lives to get an education even while living in a country was under attack. There were days, where they had to miss school due to the exacerbation of the situation in the city of Beirut. During the war, dozens of the Palestinians took refuge in the entrance of my grandparents building, leaving my mother and her family scared every time they wanted to enter or exit the building. In Lebanon, every building has an underground safe house, and thats where they hid most of the time. Some days, they got stuck in the safe house for a long period of time that could last up to days. The war had a huge impact on my mother, it made her a stronger person. This war hit the whole society, many people dropped out of school to join armed forces, the level of education decreased, public transports also decreased, degradation of public health services, increase of drug and alcohol abuse, and last but not least, increase of suicide rate. In addition, there were days where water was not found, had to be bought for basic necessities like shower and laundry. Adding to that, the electricity would go out most of the time leaving them with candles as their only source of light. Moreover, citizen who owned a car had to wait sometimes for hours so that they can refill their tanks because they dont know when the gas stations are going to run out fuel. Dividing Lebanon between East and West had a big impact on peoples lives. Each side had their own businesses like schools, beaches, and shopping centers. Muslims lived in the west part of Beirut, they had hotels, restaurants, and a shopping boulevard like Hamra and Mazraa. They also had schools and universities that stayed open, and foreign embassies did not change their location from West Beirut. Renting an apartment got twelve times more expensive than before the war, and people could not afford it. East Beirut was occupied by the Christians. It was a residential area with apartments and a house for the middle and working-class people. The east side got destroyed by the bombings and shooting. The social life was not popular in the west Beirut. My mother and siblings used to cross the borders to watch movies and get their groceries. People on the East side of Beirut where not allowed cross the borders, so my mother had to cross the border every time she wanted to see her Christian f riends. The war also had an impact on people in a psychological manner. Many people lost their loved ones during the war which left them full of rage and ready for revenge. In addition, many individuals experienced traumatic events such as having someone put a gun to your head or your loved ones head. Not to forget the rape that was happening during the war and the torture that messed up peoples lives. Moreover, many friends and families got separated especially when they built borders between the East side of Beirut and the West side. This separation created tension and hate between Christians and Muslims, which did not end when the war ended. Moreover, during the war my mothers uncle got shot in the shoulder right in front of her. She was frightened and had a breakdown and kept having nightmares for a while; she had some days where she wakes up screaming in the middle of the night. She was only 18 years old when this happened. In addition, the war had many other implications on citizens me ntal health. Many citizens experienced traumas which caused depression, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, becoming overprotective parents, anger etc. The war has not only affected my mother and all the people that experienced this war but also myself and the rest of people who were born after the war ended. That is because it is still affect the country politically, and because of how our parents fear of wars affected us. Finally, the economy in Lebanon dropped tremendously during the civil war. After the invasion of Israel in 1982, the Lebanese Pound began to decline, that was due to the political instability and regional recession of oil-producing countries. The Pound dropped by 80 percent against the dollar, which made it difficult for the citizens to pay their rents, buy food, and get health insurance (Nakhoul). However, many foreign funding was entering the country in huge amounts to fund the rebels or the opposition movement (the different militias in Lebanon). Moreover, during the first 19 months of the war (1975-1976), the country witnessed a widespread destruction of the infrastructure and services, especially in Beirut (https://countrystudies.us/lebanon/69.htm) As a conclusion, people say that the civil war is over, and that it has not affect the citizens anymore. However, that is not true, the civil war still affects ever Lebanese citizen whether they were born during the war or not. This war has created 18 political sects in Lebanon, which created many political conflicts and hate among citizens. Each sect is greedy to have as many spots as possible in the Parliament or the Ministry. For instance, a few years ago Lebanon did not have a president for two years because of the disagreement among politicians. The civil war destroyed Lebanon in many ways, it left unrecoverable scares in peoples hearts, and thousands of people died and lost their homes. Up until today, these political conflicts have not end, and the people of Lebanon are still living the consequences of the war and nothing has been done to fix it.

Present Status of Women Entrepreneurship in India

IMPACT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ON SOCIETY PRESENT STATUS, GROWTH AND IMPACT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS Abstract Women constitute around half of the total world population. So is in India also. They are therefore, regarded as the better half of the society. In traditional societies they were confined to the four walls of houses performing house hold activities. In modern society they have come out of the four walls to participate in all sort of activities. The Indian women are no more treated as beautiful showpieces. They are also enjoying the fruit of globalization marking an influence on the domestic and international sphere. They have carved a niche for themselves in the male dominated world. Indian women well manage both burden of work†¦show more content†¦The family members and the society are reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth. To a certain extent, this situation is changing among Indian women and yet to face a tremendous change to increase the rate of growth in entrepreneurship. b) Socio-cultural barriers – Women’s family and personal obligations are sometimes a great barrier for succeeding in business career. Only few women are able to manage both home and business efficiently, devoting enough time to perform all their responsibilities in priority c) Market-oriented risks – Stiff competition in the market and lack of mobility of women make the dependence of women entrepreneurs on middleman indispensable. They are not fully aware of the changing market conditions and hence can effectively utilize the services of media and internet. d) Knowledge in Business Administration – Women must be educated and trained constantly to acquire the skills and knowledge in all the functional areas of business management. This can facilitate women to excel in decision making process and develop a good business network e) Awareness about the financial assistance – Various institutions in the financial sector extend their maximum support in the form of incentives, loans, schemes etc. Even then every woman entrepreneur may not be aware of all the assistance provided by the institutions. f) Identifying the available resources – Women are hesitant to find outShow MoreRelatedNeed Of The Study Of Women1492 Words   |  6 PagesNEED OF THE STUDY Women-owned enterprises contribute 3.09 percent of industrial output and employ over 8 million people. Approximately, 78 percent of women enterprises belong to the services sector. Women entrepreneurship is largely skewed towards smaller sized firms, as almost 98 percent of women-owned businesses are micro-enterprises. As with the broader MSME sector, access to formal finance is a key barrier to the growth of women-owned businesses, leading to over 90 percent of finance requirementsRead MoreWhy Women Empowerment And Entrepreneurs1421 Words   |  6 PagesWhy women empowerment and entrepreneurs Swami Vivekananda, one of the greatest sons of India, quoted that, â€Å"There is no chance for the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved, It is not possible for a bird to fly on only one wing. † Therefore, inclusion of â€Å"Women Empowerment’ as one of the prime goals in the eight Millennium Development Goals underscores the relevance of this fact. Thus, in order to achieve the status of a developed country, India needs to transform its colossalRead MoreWomen Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship3066 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract: Entrepreneurship is the future of the modern society. They are the driving forces behind Indian economy. Entrepreneurs are people who come out with an new ideas , innovations , do things, which are not generally done in the ordinary course of a business. Empowerment of women entrepreneur is an new mantra for development of economy. The present paper focuses mainly women entrepreneur ,they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. It is observed that women entrepreneur networksRead MoreIssues and Challenges for Women Entrepreneurs in India3420 Words   |  14 PagesCHALLENGES FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA S. BALASUBRAMANYAM* Abstract More than ever before, Change is the only constant in life, especially so in industry, and as a consequence, tremendous opportunities are opening up for women entrepreneurs. It is true that the presence of women entrepreneurs is very low in India, but you can look at it as another great opportunity riding on this all-pervasive change – and not as an obstacle toughening the entry barrier further for women in industry. Read MoreEntrepreneur-Case Study2891 Words   |  12 PagesEntrepreneurship in India: Bright Prospects, Dark Realities Introduction There is a saying â€Å"there are two certainties in life: death taxes†. In the context of management, it can easily be said that there is another certainty and that is change. From the formula fifties, sensitive sixties, strategic seventies, excellence eighties and nanosecond nineties, it will not be exaggeration so say it is entrepreneurship twenty first century. Who is an Entrepreneur The term Entrepreneur callsRead MoreWhats going on in india?1397 Words   |  6 Pages Nor will many of us every really understand. In India, their citizens are suffering from many different types of violations. For instance, people are being tortured. Women are being raped and single handedly being deprived of their rights. Many women are being kidnapped, raped, tortured and some even end up being killed. Its very eye opening when you find out about these types of things because we never hear about these issues. Children in India are also facing various types of violations. KidsRead MoreEmerging Trends in Entrepreneurship4541 Words   |  19 PagesEMERGING TRENDS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Introduction We all know that entrepreneurship is about attempting to assemble resources including innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new business; however, in recent years, the term has been extended to includeRead MoreScope of Entrepreneurship Development2767 Words   |  12 PagesScope of Entrepreneurship development in India Introduction We are a very young nation – just over 55 years since independence – setting out on a path of sustained economic growth, for decades to come. We already have over a billion fellow Indians. Within the next 20 years, we will have 400 million people below the age of 35 years – more than the entire population of the United States! Each person, in this bold new generation, will be in the prime of his or her life, striving for a better tomorrowRead MoreWomen Empowerment1112 Words   |  5 PagesOf Empowering Women Abstract This essay will examine the advantages and disadvantages of empowering women so that they can hold other positions apart from their traditional ones. Firstly, it will consider the disadvantages of women empowerment mainly in terms with economical and social stand in the general society. And all of which has proven it’s drawbacks when the pressure of women empowerment transpires. Consequently, it will discuss the benefits of women empowerment and present the view on theRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 Pagesthem, how they emerge, why they succeed. We know even less about who becomes an entrepreneur, and why. Women are one particularly understudied group of entrepreneurs. We know very little about female entrepreneurs, and our ignorance of this important demographic is a serious blind spot in any effort to increase the total number of entrepreneurs participating in our economy. Women’s entrepreneurship has been recognized during the last decade as an important untapped source of economic growth. A woman

Organization Strategies Essay Sample free essay sample

Given the complex nature and competitory environment under which modern organisations operate. the manner frontward for organisation is to follow schemes. methods and patterns which enable them to be in front of their rivals. Organizational alteration may be necessitated by force per unit area from exterior or within the organisation the organisation avoids elements like struggle which as been a job to many organisations. Besides other jobs includes: existing processs which have become irrelevant. bing constructions which are excessively stiff. hence the demand for flexible constructions. cetralised system of authorization which is no longer effectual after major organisation growing and enlargement. negative work attitudes by workers which needs to be changed through new policies. regulations and processs. bing engineering which may be disused and many more. Other forces can be external forces. these may include: forces of competition. for case. competition altering their schemes an d other methods of operation. . economic forces such as hapless economic public presentation may necessitate new cost film editing steps. political and legal forces such as transition of new Torahs by the authorities. Economic liberalisation policy which no longer affords protection to local houses may necessitate them to follow new methods in merchandise schemes in order to stay competitory in the face of the inflow of foreign goods. Organizational acquisition has been proposed as a cardinal strategic procedure and the lone sustainable competitory advantage of the hereafter A ( Armstrong 1999 ) . It needs strategic leading at the top for it to a houses outcomes as a consequence of the determinations they are empowered to do and because. finally. they account for what happens to the organisation is that of a interior decorator. instructor and steward. who can construct a shared vision and can dispute predominating mental theoretical accounts. He is responsible for edifice organisations where people are continually spread outing their capablenesss to determine the hereafter. Ultimately. leaders are responsible for larning in their organisations. The cardinal ingredient of larning organisation is ho w organisations process their managerial experience. Learning organisation directors learn from their experiences instead than being bounded by their past experiences. Managerial patterns in larning organisations encourage. acknowledge and honor: openness. systematic thought. creativeness a sense of efficaciousness and empathy. They use experience as a beginning to heighten future public presentation through acquisition. The descriptions of a learning organisation are every bit divergent as there are bookmans on the topic. Work and learn ( 1995 ) . specify a learning organisation as one that continually improves the organisation by quickly making and polishing the capablenesss required for future success. Senegal ( 1990 ) . defines the learning organisation as an organisation that is continually spread outing to make its hereafter. He farther asserts that they are organisations where people continually expand their capacity to make the consequences they genuinely desire. where people continually learn to larn together. where people continually detecting how they can alter it. where new and expensive forms of thought are nurtured and where corporate aspirations set free. He concludes that the organisations that will truly excel in the hereafter are those that detect how to larn at all degrees within the organisation. Harmonizing to Garvin ( 1993 ) . a learning organisation is one skilled at making. geting and transforming cognition and modifying its behaviour to reflect the new cognition and penetrations. He suggests five features a learning organisation ought to exhibit ; Systematic job resolution: Where systems and policies which guarantee that the acquisition takes topographic point by design and non by opportunity are put in topographic point. Therefore really orderly and scientific methods of probe. utilizing facts informations and statically tools for analysis when work outing jobs should be employed Experiment: which involves the systematic hunt for and proving of new cognition into merchandises and consistently seeking new thoughts. these experiments may either be par of uninterrupted activities which are designed to bring forth a steady flow of thoughts from many beginnings. or specific pilot undertakings with a specific clip frame. Learning from past experience: when an organisation recognizes the importance of its history and taps into it for less lessons teach courage’s direction to larn organize the experiences gained from past failure or success. This procedure is called the: Santayana organisation recognizes importance Santayana who coined the phrase ; †Those who can non retrieve the yesteryear are condemned to reiterate it. † Sometimes. the most powerful penetrations come from looking into the past and outside one’s immediate environment to derive new positions. Learning signifiers others: where an organisation encourages believing outside the box and patterns benchmarking with the best in its category or the best in the industry. In order for it to be unfastened to new Ideas. the learning organisation cultivates the art of unfastened and attentive hearing Transfering cognition throughout the organisation is put in topographic point. All agencies of communicating are utilized to distribute the range of cognition in the organisation in order to guarantee that the generated cognition in the organisation is shared right throughout the organisation and inducements are put in topographic point to honor successful application of acquired cognition and that all thoughts are tried and implemented Organizational acquisition is a recent phenomenon. It was introduced into organisation theory and literature about twenty old ages ago. The impression of organisational acquisition became more marked in the 1990’s although Garat ( 1999 ) sees it as â€Å"an old thought that has come of age† to assist organisation construct argues that to to the full work chances created by alteration and use all the human resources at its disposal. an organisation should be geared. Learning differs basically from the traditional organisation. Owing to the dynamic nature of an organization’s civilization. certain elements need to be entrenched in order to ease the development and care of a learning civilization within the organisation. Flat organisational construction: Senge ( 1994. noted that larning organisations are trying to reorganise around horizontal procedures that cut across traditional maps. A greater degree of inter-dependence is needed in which people are required to l arn together irrespective of the hierarchy. In larning organisations. bureaucratic constructions and systems are eroded to the benefit of clients and employees. Open communicating. there is unfastened and honest communicating. Persons who speak out about things that are non working good are recognized for their parts. Teamwork: Teams and the persons take parting as members thereof are the most of import units of the learning organisation. Real larning takes topographic point in squads where squad members learn from each other and from their accomplishments and errors. They continuously learn how they can optimism’s their part towards accomplishing the ends and aims of the concern at big. Divine leading: Learning can non be in an organisation without the committedness and leading of its senior directors who should put the illustration by going scholars themselves and divine leader is person who can travel the organisation towards the sort of civilization. systems and patterns that are needed to back up the acquisition organisation. Peoples oriented: Learning organisations seek to incorporate undertaking and people factors. These organisations are besides people-oriented and the demands of people are continuously identified and schemes developed to suitably run into these demands. The directors of larning organisations realize that employees. as internal clients. should be satisfied first before the demands of external clients can be addressed expeditiously and efficaciously. Innovation. alteration and external focal point: Learning organisations thrive on alteration and the chances it generates. A originative organisational civilization encourages invention. alteratio n. uninterrupted betterment and strong external focal point. Learning organisations are extremely externally focused. They continuously study their rivals and other organisations. both locally and abroad. in order to larn from industry tendencies and developments. An external focal point is expected. which in bend requires benchmarking. networking and information sharing on a broad graduated table. Learning chances: Learning organisations encourage larning at all degrees of the company. Appropriate acquisition chances are created to heighten corporate acquisition and employee development. Braham ( 1995 ) . stations that n larning organisations. the preparation section is non the primary beginning of larning chances. Alternatively. all the systems of work. every undertaking or procedure. every individual in the organisation. all become possible beginnings of acquisition. Action and consequences oriented: Learning organisations provide chances for employees to instantly use accomplishments in order to accomplish betterment in their public presentation. Customer oriented: Learning organisations are pro-active in guaranting that all employees are externally client oriented. most of the acquisition that takes topographic point revolves around larning more about client demands and implementing systems and methods to better client satisfaction. Requirements for constructing a acquisit ion organisation the successful organisation of the hereafter will be made up of people who demand originative. contributing and disputing working environments. The ocean trip of find lies non in happening new landscapes but seeing it with new eyes. The five subjects set Forth by Senge ( 1990 ) . as being nucleus and indispensable in constructing a acquisition organisation are: personal command. mental theoretical accounts. squad edifice and squad acquisition. shared vision and system thought. personal command: Personal command is what Senge describes as one of the nucleus subjects needed to construct a learning organisation. Personal command applies to single acquisition as Senge asserts that organisations can non larn until their members begin to larn. Personal command goes beyond competency and accomplishments and refers to people who are continually spread outing their ability to make the consequences they truly seek in their lives. Mental theoretical accounts: This is one manner of looking at the It’s a frame work for the cognitive procedures of our. In other words ; it determines how we think and act. Mental theoretical accounts are the procedures of proving and polishing the premises and theories that guide action and acquisition. Team edifice and squad acquisition: In larning organisations. the squad is considered to be a cardinal acquisition factor which should be in the organisation. Team acquisition is the cardinal procedure of alining and developing the capacity of a squad to make the consequences its members genuinely desire. It builds on the demand to develop a shared vision. Decision Knowledge. acquired through uninterrupted acquisition. is a necessary and sustainable beginning of competitory advantage in an epoch characterized by volatility. rapid alteration and uncertainness in the dynamic concern environment. It is claimed that successful companies are those that constituently create new cognition and circulate it throughout the organisation in order to incarnate it in engineerings. merchandises and services. Learning has become a manner of life for universe category organisations. The construct of a learning organisation is about a paradigm displacement in pull offing organisations. In this epoch of increasing competition. globalisation. uninterrupted alteration every bit good as mutuality. the traditional ways of direction can non last. A learning organisation gives new positions and empowers persons in every subdivision of the organisation to believe loosely and out of the box. All these factors have created a concern universe that rewards organisations that are capable of larning from altering tendencies and reacting suitably and quickly to them. Mention 1 ) Cole. A. Principles and pattern of direction

Tinbergen’s Four Questions Regarding Orca Behaviour free essay sample

The type of communication used to transmit information is closely related to the animal’s lifestyle and environment. This can be seen in most terrestrial mammals which are nocturnal so use olfactory and auditory which work as well in the dark as they do during the day. Visual communication would be relatively ineffective in this lifestyle. In contrast humans are diurnal and use primarily visual and auditory signals for communication, but miss many chemical cues which many other mammals base their behaviour upon. Marine mammals often need to communicate great distances, and the water does not support visual cues over great distance. This is why whales and dolphins use primarily auditory signals. Auditory signals can travel great distances and travel four and a half times faster in water than in air (Ford, 1984). Killer whales or Orca (Orcinus orca) are very social dolphins and live in pods often consisting of family members from between four up to fifty for residential whales while transient pods normally are only between two and five animals (Ford, 1989). We will write a custom essay sample on Tinbergen’s Four Questions Regarding Orca Behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These pods communicate with each other by use of echolocation clicks, tonal whistles and pulsed calls (Deecke et al. , 2000). The three main noises have very different uses from each other. Clicks can either be produced as a single click or produced in rapid succession. Single clicks are generally used for navigation and collection of clicks and whistles are thought to be used for communication amongst members of the pod. Pulses are believed, with the assistance of single clicks, to be the method used by orcas to distinguish objects and discriminate prey (Barrett-Lennard et al. 1996). Residential orcas feed on fish, and can be frequently heard communicating with the clicks, whistles and calls because the fish have very poor hearing abilities (Wilson, 2002). The vocal behaviour of transient killer whales is quite different with the vocal communication consisting of occasional clicks and pulses (Deecke et al. , 2000). The only occasion where transient orcas display significant amounts of vocal activity is when they are active on the surface or recently after a kill. The reasons for this reduction of noise could be due to many factors which can be seen in other species interactions and behaviour. Using ‘Tinbergen’s four questions’, I will explain what necessity for this behaviour and what the origins of the silent behaviour may have been. Tinbergen’s Four Questions In 1963 Nikolaas Tinbergen published a paper â€Å"On aims and methods of ethology†. In this paper he discussed how he believed any question regarding animal behaviour should be broken down into four different questions. These four questions could be divided into two categories, evolutionary (ultimate) explanations and proximate explanations. The evolutionary explanations, which refer to the population, include evolution or phylogenetic determinants and survival value or adaptive significance. The phylogenetic determinants refer to all evolutionary explanations which are not covered by adaptive significance. These may include random processes including mutation and changes in the environment which could have impacts on the population resulting in a specific behaviour adaptation. The adaptive significance closely follows Charles Darwin’s work on natural selection where it is explained that an animal’s form has been altered to function better in the habitat and resulting in a increase in fitness for the individual. The proximate explanations are focused with dealing in terms of the individual as opposed to the population. The two different individual questions proposed by Tinbergen relate to causation and ontogeny. The causation for a display of behaviour relates to the mechanics of the body and which stimuli provides a cue for the animal to display this behaviour. Included in causation is control of hormones, motor control, central-nervous-system control and the ability to process the information obtained through senses. Ontogeny relates to the development of an individual, from conception til death. This may include a experience or a environmental factor which occurs and changes the behaviour of the animal, including learned behaviour from another individual. Causation ? Figure 1: An illustration of sound generation, propagation and reception in a killer whale. (WhalesB. C. com) The nasopharyngeal anatomy of cetaceans is strongly modified comparing with terrestrial mammals. They have one impair respiratory hole at the top of the head. It is closed near the surface by dense musculocutaneous crimps arranged so, that the salient of one of them enters into the dimple of another. They form a peculiar lock preventing the water from penetrating into respiratory tract. Above the skull around of nose passage there is a system of pneumatic sacs, connected with nose passage (Barrett-Lennard et al. , 1996). In 1964 A. V. Jablokov supposed that sounds could be produced by forcing air through these nasal sacs. Air is forced past a set of finely striated muscular plugs or lips that vibrate or slap against each other as the lips are forced apart by the stream of air and then slapped shut by muscular tension (Ford, 1989). Transient killer whales are often very difficult to track when under water as they are typically silent. Often communicating with each other with just a single click, known as a cryptic click (Deecke et al. , 2000). The only time that the killer whales produce large amounts of vocal activity was when milling about on the surface or after killing a marine mammal. Transients have been found to only use four to six discrete calls which are not shared with the resident pods (Deecke et al. , 2004). Ontogeny Like other aspects of learning in mammalian society, I hypothesise that the newborn calves will be taught the ability for vocalisation by its parent or other pod members. There have been many studies on killer whale vocalisations in different parts of the world including Canada (Ford, 1984), Alaska (Yurk et al. 2002) and Norway (Matkin, 1988). Each study showed that every pod has its own distinctive repertoire of discrete calls, often this phenomenon is referred to as vocal dialects. The differences in vocal repertoires can be the result of geographic isolation and when this occurs it is not dialects that are being represented but â€Å"geographic variations of vocal repertoire† (Ford, 1984 ). The use of repetitive calls and the specific number and type of discrete calls are what are used to classify and compare dialects. Pods often produce between seven and seventeen different types of discrete calls. Some pods share calls and are grouped together as a acoustic clan (Baird et al. , 1988). Different clans might represent different independent maternal lineages, which have persisted for many generations, developing their independent call traditions. Dialects are probably the means by which pod cohesiveness and identity are maintained. Newborn calls manage to produce calls very comparable to their mothers, but the repertoire is very limited. With the arrival of a new calf to the pod, the calls of the pod and particularly the matriarch increase, especially the frequency of pod-specific calls (Ford, 1989). This is widely regarded as the method to which newborns learn the pods dialect. The majority of the learning done by the newborn is a process of imitation and trial and error. The calf does not always learn communication from a parent. In captivity a young whale was observed to have learned the calls of its tank mate, even though it had no relatedness. Survival Value I hypothesise that the because the mammalian predators can hear well under water is the reason why the transient killer whales adopt significantly reduced communication during periods of foraging. Acoustic communication can have great benefits such as organising groups for attacks and avoiding predation. As with all behaviour traits there is a trade off. There is a direct cost of energy required to producing the sounds and along with this is the loss of energy from lack of feeding during times of communicating. There is also a indirect cost, especially for transient killer whales, which pass information on to eavesdroppers. Eavesdroppers may include competitors (Hammond et al. , 2003), predators (Hosken et al. 1994) or for transient killer whales alerting potential prey. Various studies have documented the costs from eavesdropping for prey in the case of predators who utilise echolocation. Bats have been documented preying on frogs performing mating calls by eavesdropping on them (Fenton, 2003). Insects have also been noted as being able to avoid predation from bats by listening to their acoustic projections (Rydell et al. , 1995). Communicative vocalizations are usually not e ssential for prey location unlike echolocation. This is the most likely reason that transient killer whales move in silence or considerably reduced vocal communication while foraging. Evolution I believe that the evolution of marine mammals from a common ancestor hinders the transient killer whales hunting due to the retention of excellent underwater hearing by marine mammals. In Pakistan the discovery of Ambulocetus was remarkable, a three metre long mammal which resembled a crocodile. It is thought to be the transitional fossil starting the mammalian movement towards an aquatic life. By 38 million years ago mammals had fully adapted to a aquatic life with the emergence of Basilosaurus and Dorudon. Although these large marine mammals resembled modern whales and dolphins they lacked the ‘melon organ’ which allows echolocation in their descendants (Ford, et al. , 2000). In the middle of the Oligocene (33 million years ago) a animal called Squalodon is thought to have been the first to use echolocation. With a cranium which was well compressed, and a telescoped rostrum it displayed a skull similar to modern dolphins. A big problem with the hunting marine mammals is that they all have a common ancestor, and all have retained a common lineage of very good hearing. Fish have poor hearing which allows the residential killer whales to freely use communication when hunting. Transient killer whales have been forced to change this behaviour because of their choice of prey including seals, dolphins, porpoises and whales. With all mammals having good underwater hearing they have been required to adopt a reduced vocal communication when searching for prey. Conclusion I believe that the lack of acoustic communication between transient killer whales is due to the ability of their selected prey being able to hear the clicks, whistles and pulses they generate. These sounds can be heard from over seven kilometres away and marine mammals do react to these calls (Deecke et al. , 2002). In the study by Deecke in 2002, he played the sounds of killer whales near a harbour seal colony which resulted in most of the seals displaying strong anti-predator behaviour of leaving the water. This suggests that they are able to clearly hear the calls and understand what is generating them. I believe that other marine mammals will react in a similar way. Guinet (1992) observed the vocal patterns of killer whales around the Crozet Archipelago and came to the same result as Deecke (2004) that the killer whales were silent throughout hunting and searching, but once a mammalian kill was made the pod would greatly increase in vocal activity. While it can be a risk to produce noise after killing a prey, for fear of drawing the attention of other predators or scavengers, killer whales are the apex predator and have no natural predators.

How to Get 800 on SAT Writing 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer

How to Get 800 on SAT Writing 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you scoring in the 600–750 range on SAT Writing? Do you want to raise that score as high as possible- to a perfect 800? Getting to an 800 SAT Writing score isn't easy. It'll require near perfection and a mastery of both grammar rules and essay writing. But with hard work and my SAT writing strategies below, you'll be able to do it. I've consistently scored 800 on Writing on my real SATs, and I know what it takes. Follow my advice, and you'll get a perfect score- or get very close. Brief note: This article is suited for students already scoring a 600 on SAT Writing or above (this equates to a Writing Test Score of 30+ out of 40 on the New SAT). If you're below this range, my "How to Improve your SAT Writing Score to a 600" article is more appropriate for you. Follow the advice in that article, then come back to this one once you've reached a 600. Also, the New 2016 SAT now has a single 800 Reading + Writing score, combining the individual Reading and Writing test scores. Technically, when I mention a perfect Writing test score, I'm referring to a perfect 40/40 test score, which is essential to getting an 800 Reading and Writing score. In this guide, I'll use800 and 40 interchangeably to mean a perfect Writing score. We won't talk about Reading here, but if you want to improve your Reading score too, check out my Perfect SAT Reading score guide. Overview Most guides on the internet on how to get an 800 on SAT Writing are pretty low quality. They're often written by people who never scored an 800 themselves. You can tell because their advice is usually vague and not very pragmatic. In contrast, I've written what I believe to be the best guide on getting an 800 available anywhere. I have confidence that these strategies work because I used them myself to score 800 on SAT Writing consistently. They've also worked for thousands of my students at PrepScholar. In this article, I'm going to discuss why scoring an 800 is a good idea, what it takes to score an 800, and then go into the nine key SAT Writing strategies so you know how to get an 800. Stick with me- as an advanced student, you probably already know that scoring high is good. But it's important to know why an 800 Writing score is useful, since this will fuel your motivation to get a high score. This guide has been updated for the New 2016 SAT Writing and Language section, so you can be sure my advice works for the test you're about to take. Final note: In this guide, I talk mainly about getting to an 800. But if your goal is a 700, these strategies still equally apply. Understand the Stakes: Why an 800 SAT Writing? Let's make something clear: for all intents and purposes, a 1540+ on an SAT is equivalent to a perfect 1600. No top college is going to give you more credit for a 1600 than a 1540. You've already crossed their score threshold, and whether you get in now depends on the rest of your application. So if you're already scoring a 1560, don't waste your time studying trying to get a 1600. You're already set for the top colleges, and your time is better spent working on the rest of your application. But if you're scoring a 1520 or below AND you want to go to a top 10 college, it's worth your time to push your score up to a 1530 or above. There's a big difference between a 1460 and a 1560, largely because it's easy to get a 1460 (and a lot more applicants do) and a lot harder to get a 1560. A 1540 places you right around average at Harvard and Princeton, and being average is bad in terms of admissions, since the admissions rate is typically below 10%. So why get an 800 in SAT Reading+Writing? Because it helps you compensate for weaknesses in other sections. By and large, schools consider your composite score moreso than your individual section scores. If you can get a perfect 40 in SAT Writing and a perfect 40 in SAT Reading, that means you only need a 750 in SAT Math. This gives you a lot more flexibility. Princeton's 75th percentile for Writing is 800. There's another scenario where an 800 in SAT Writing is really important: if you're planning to apply as a humanities or social science major (like English, political science, communications) to a top school. Here's the reason: college admissions is all about comparisons between applicants. The school wants to admit the best, and you're competing with other people in the same "bucket" as you. By applying as a humanities/social science major, you're competing against other humanities/social science folks: people for whom SAT Writing is easy. Really easy. Here are a few examples from schools. For Harvard, Princeton, Yale, and Dartmouth, the 75th percentile SAT Reading+Writing score is an 800. That means at least 25% of all students at these schools have an 800 in SAT Writing. But if you can work your way to an 800, you show that you're at an equal level (at least on this metric). Even if it takes you a ton of work, all that matters is the score you achieve at the end. Know That You Can Do It! This isn't just some fuzzy feel-good message you see on the back of a milk carton. I mean, literally, you and every other reasonably intelligent student can score an 800 on SAT Writing. The reason most people don't is they don't try hard enough or they don't study the right way. Even if language isn't your strongest suit, or you got a B+ in AP English, you're capable of this. Because I know that more than anything else, your SAT score is a reflection ofhow hard you work and how smartly you study. SAT Writing is Designed to Trick You - You Need to Learn How Here's why: the SAT is a weird test. When you take it, don't you get the sense that the questions are nothing like what you've seen in school? You've learned grammar before in school. You know some basic grammar rules. But the SAT questions just seem so much weirder. It's purposely designed this way. The SAT can't test difficult concepts because this would be unfair for students who never took AP English. It can't ask you to decompose Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov. The SAT is a national test, which means it needs a level playing field for all students around the country. So it HAS to test concepts that all high school students will cover. Subject verb agreement, run-on sentences, pronoun choice, etc. You've learned all of this throughout school. But the SAT still has to make the test difficult, so it needs to test these concepts in strange ways. This trips up students who don't prepare, but it rewards students who understand the test well. Example Question Here's an example: find the grammar error in this sentence: The commissioner, along with his 20 staff members, run a tight campaign against the incumbent. This is a classic SAT Writing question. The error is in subject/verb agreement. The subject of the sentence is commissioner, which is singular. The verb is "run," but because the subject is singular, it should really be "runs." At your level, you probably saw the error. But if you didn't, you fell for a classic SAT Writing trap. It purposely confused you with the interrupting phrase, "along with his 20 staff members." You're now picturing 20 people in a campaign- which suggests a plural verb! The SAT Writing section is full of examples like this, and they get trickier. Nearly every grammar rule is tested in specific ways, and if you don't prepare for these, you're going to do a lot worse than you should. Here's the good news: this might have been confusing the first time, but the next time you see a question like this, you'll know exactly what to do: find the subject and the verb, and get rid of the interrupting phrase. So to improve your SAT Writing score, you just need to: Learn the grammar rules that the SAT tests. Study how the SAT tests these grammar rules and learn how to detect which grammar rule you need in a question. Practice on a lot of questions so you learn from your mistakes. I'll go into more detail about exactly how to do this. First, let's see how many questions you need to get right to get a perfect score. What It Takes to Get An 800 in Writing If we have a target score in mind, it helps to understand what you need to get that score on the actual test. On the Writing section, there are 44 multiple-choice questions. How many questions you get right determines your scaled score out of 40. From theOfficial SAT Practice Tests, I've taken the raw score to scaled score conversion tables from the first four tests.(If you could use a refresher on how the SAT is scored and how raw scores are calculated,read this.) Raw Score Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 44 40 40 40 40 43 39 39 39 39 42 38 38 38 38 41 37 37 37 37 40 36 36 36 37 39 35 35 35 36 38 34 34 35 35 37 34 33 34 34 These grading scales are harsh.For every test, if you miss just ONE question, you get dropped down to a 39. This means your maximum Reading + Writing score becomes a 790, in the best case. The exact score conversion chart depends on the difficulty of this test. This particular score chart is as strict as it gets- sometimes, you can miss one question and still get a 40. But I've never seen a test allow missing two questions and getting a 40. Sometimes, if you miss two questions, you drop down to a 37. So the safest thing to do is to aim for perfection. On every practice test, you need to aim for a perfect raw score for an 800, and an essay score of at least 10. It's pretty clear then that you need to try to answer every question. You can't leave any questions blank and expect to get an 800 reliably, which means you need to get to a level of mastery where you're confident answering each question. Whatever you're scoring now, take note of the difference you need to get to a 800. For example, if you're scoring a 38 raw score now, you need to answer six more questions right to get to a perfect 40. As a final example, here's a screenshot from my exact score report from March 2014, showing that I missed 0 questions and earned an 800. (This was from the older 2400 version of the SAT, but the grading scale was similarly tough back then.) OK- so we've covered why scoring a higher Writing score is important, why you specifically are capable of improving your score, and the raw score you need to get to your target. Now we'll get into the meat of the article: actionable strategies that you should use in your own studying to maximize your score improvement. 9 Strategies to Get an 800 on SAT Writing What's your greatest weakness? Strategy 1: Understand Your High-Level Weakness: Time Management, Content, or Essay Score We're deliberately starting high level, before diving into grammar rules, because you need to know what type of game you're playing before you practice. Every student has different flaws in SAT Writing. Some people don't have full mastery of the grammar rules. Others run out of time on the test. Yet others aren't fluent in their essay writing. Here's how you can figure out which one applies more to you: Find an official SAT practice test, and take only the Writing section. We have the complete list of free practice SATs here. For each section, use a timer and have it count down the 35 minutes for the Writing section. Treat it like a real test. If time runs out and you're 100% ready to score your exam, then do so. If you're not ready to move on, keep on working for as long as you need. For every new answer or answer that you change, mark it with a special note as "Extra Time." Grade your test using the answer key and score chart, but we want two scores: 1) The Realistic score you got under normal timing conditions, 2) The Extra Time score. This is why you marked the questions you answered or changed during Extra Time. See what we're doing here? By marking which questions you did under Extra Time, we can figure out what score you would get if you were given all the time you needed. This will help us figure out where your weaknesses lie. If you didn't take any extra time, then your Extra Time score is the same as your Realistic score. Here's a flowchart to help you figure this out: Was your Extra Time scaled score a 35 or above? If NO (Extra Time score 35), then you have strategy and content weaknesses. All the extra time in the world couldn't get you above a 35, so your first angle of attack will be to find your weaknesses and attack them (We'll cover this later). If YES (Extra Time score 35), then: Was your Realistic raw score a 43 or above? If NO (Extra Time score 35, Realistic 35), then that means you have a difference between your Extra Time score and your Realistic score. If this difference is more than three points, then you have some big problems with time management. We need to figure out why this is. Are you taking too much time for each question? Or are particular types of questions slowing you down? More on this later. If YES (both Extra Time and Realistic scores 35), then you have a really good shot at getting an 800. Compare your Extra Time and Realistic score- if they differed by more than two points, then you would benefit from learning how to solve questions more quickly. If not, then you likely can benefit from shoring up on your last content weaknesses and avoiding careless mistakes (more on this strategy later). Hopefully that makes sense. Typically I see that students have both timing and content issues, but you might find that one is much more dominant for you than the other. For example, if you can get a 40 with extra time, but score a 35 in regular time, you know with certainty that you need to work on time management to get a 40. Strategy 2: Comprehensively Learn the Grammar Rules There's just no way around it. You need to know all the grammar rules tested on the test and how they work. Certain grammar rules, like punctuation usage, appear far more often than other rules. But because we're going for perfection, you'll need to know even the less-common rules. In our PrepScholar program, we've identified the following as the most to least important grammar rules: Punctuation Sentence Structure Conventional Expression (aka idioms) Possessives Agreement Parallel Structure Modifiers Verb Tense Pronouns Within these general categories, there are a lot of rules, but they differ from each other in how often they appear on the test and how hard they are to study. For example, Punctuation is by far the most common grammar rule on SAT Writing, but it only uses a few separate concepts. The Idioms skill is slightly less common, but it uses a wide range of idioms (like "as a means of" or the use of "whereby" vs "from which"), such that each unique idiom appears no more than once on each test. As another example, Punctuation appears 4.12 times as often on SAT Writing as the least common concept, Pronouns. So, assuming you're equally weak across all skills, you get more bang for your buck by studying Punctuation and nailing it. It's therefore important for you to focus your time on studying the highest impact grammar rules. Our PrepScholar program, for example, quizzes you in relation to how common each grammar rule is, so that you focus your efforts on the rules that make the biggest difference to your score. Strategy 3: Get Intimately Familiar With the Rhetoric Question Types Aside from grammar rules, the other major category of questions in SAT Writing is what we call Rhetoric. These questions concern how to make persuasive arguments and construct logical sentences, paragraphs, and essays. The College Board also calls this "Command of Evidence" and "Expression of Ideas." Unlike sentences with incorrect grammar, sentences in rhetoric questions don't usually have anything technically wrong with them. Instead, the SAT is testing you to find more effective ways to construct the sentence or passage. Here's a rundown of the types, from most common to least: Sentence Function "At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence...Should the writer make this addition here?" Concision "Which choice most effectively combines the two sentences at the underlined portion?" Transition These questions underline a key transition word in between sentences or phrases. You need to pick the transition that makes the most sense. Example: "This assertion is not supported by scientific research. For instance, one review published in..." Logical sequence "To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2 should be placed..." These questions require you to order the sentences to get the most logical flow. Precision These questions underline a word or phrase and ask you to pick the best replacement for them. This is as close to a vocab test as the SAT gets. Example: "The reason for Siqueiros's secrecy became clear when the mural was confided." Answer choices: A) NO CHANGE, B) promulgated, C) imparted, D) unveiled. Quantitative These questions are the only ones in SAT writing that deal with graphs and data. You're usually asked to make sense of figures in the context of the text. Note - if you don't consider yourself a math person, don't be scared - the graphs are never super complex. But you do need to be able to read graphs and charts quickly. "Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of the data in the chart?" Style and tone These questions deal with maintaining the tone of the article - if it's a professional science article, it shouldn't use words like "icky" or "okay." Example: "The writer wants to convey an attitude of ___. Which choice best accomplishes the goal?" Even though questions of a single type look the same, they do vary significantly in difficulty. The difficulty depends on how subtle the answer choices are and the passage context. Once again, inour PrepScholar program,we break down every single Rhetoric skill and have thousands of practice questions to drill them to perfection. Which brings us to: Strategy 4: Do a Ton of Practice, and Understand Every Single Mistake On the path to perfection, you need to make sure every single one of your weak points is covered. Even one mistake on all of SAT Writing can knock you down from an 800. The first step is simply to do a ton of practice. If you're studying from free materials or from books, you have access to a lot of practice questions in bulk. As part of our PrepScholar program, we have over 4,500+ SAT questions customized to each skill. The second step- and the more important part- is to be ruthless about understanding your mistakes. Every mistake you make on a test happens for a reason. If you don't understand exactly why you missed that question, you will make that mistake over and over again. I've seen students who did 20 practice tests. They've solved over 3,000 questions, but they're still nowhere near an 800 on SAT Writing. Why? They never understood their mistakes. They just hit their heads against the wall over and over again. Think of yourself as an exterminator, and your mistakes are cockroaches. You need to eliminate every single one- and find the source of each one- or else the restaurant you work for will be shut down. Here'swhat you need to do: On every practice test or question set that you take, mark every question that you're even 20% unsure about. When you grade your test or quiz, review every single question that you marked, and every incorrect question. This way, even if you answered a question correctly by guessing, you'll make sure to review it. In a notebook, write down the gist of the question, why you missed it, and what you'll do to avoid that mistake in the future. Have separate sections by grammar skill (e.g. Number Agreement, Idioms, Sentence Fragments). It's not enough to just think about it and move on. It's not enough to just read the answer explanation. You have to think hard about why you specifically failed on this question. By taking this structured approach to your mistakes,you'll now have a running log of every question you missed, and your reflection on why. No excuses when it comes to your mistakes. Always Go Deeper- WHY Did You Miss a Writing Question? Now, what are some common reasons that you missed a question? Don't just say, "I didn't get this question right." That's a cop out. Always take it one step further- what specifically did you miss, and what do you have to improve in the future? Take the Subject/Verb Agreement example I gave above (with the Interrupting Phrase trick). You likely already know how Subject/Verb Agreement works. But if you missed that question, you'd need to think about why you missed it (because the interrupting phrase made you confuse the subject and verb). Then you need to write down a strategy for noticing this in the future. Here are some examples of common reasons you miss a Writing question and how you should take the analysis one step further: Content:I didn't learn the grammar rule needed to answer this question. One step further:What specific rule do I need to learn, and what resources will I use to learn this grammar rule? Overlooked Rule:I knew the grammar rule, but the SAT question was written in a way that made me miss it. One step further:How do I solve the question now? Is there a strategy I can use to notice this grammar rule in the future? Careless Error:I knew the grammar rule and normally would get this right, but I slipped up for some reason. One step further:Why did I make this careless mistake? Was I rushing? Did I misread the question? What should I do in the future to avoid this? Get the idea? You're really digging into understanding why you're missing questions. Yes, this is hard, and it's draining, and it takes work. That's why most students who study ineffectively don't improve. But you're different. Just by reading this guide, you're already proving that you care more than other students. And if you apply these principles and analyze your mistakes, you'll improve more than other students too. Bonus: If all of this is making sense to you, you'd love our SAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program around the concepts in this article, because they actually work.When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty SAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: Strategy 5: Justify Every Answer. Point Out Specific Grammar Errors. Justify the Rhetoric Choice. Many top students take a "soft approach" to SAT Writing. They learn the grammar rules when studying, but on the test they go "by ear": if a sentence sounds off, they'll assume it's wrong without thinking too hard about why. When you've mastered grammar rules, this can serve you well. For example, if I said "The bee fly to the hive." You know this is wrong instantly- it just feels wrong. You know simple subject/verb agreement so well that you can tell something is wrong before you can articulate what exactly it is. However, most students never get to this level of familiarity with all SAT grammar rules. This makes trusting your ear unreliable for many rules. What's the strategy to counter this? Point out the specific error, and justify it to yourself. This isespeciallytrue in rhetoric questions, where the answer choices can be vague and subtly different. Youhaveto understand why one answer is definitely the right answer, and the other three answers are definitely the wrong answers.This is a standardized test. Let's take one of the more difficult questions in an SAT practice test: Try to solve it yourself if you like. Here's what I'm thinking as I read the question (a "stream of consciousness"): " 'Likewise, anyone considering a career as a video game designer must be skilled writers and speakers,' and 'skilled writers and speakers' is underlined. There's no clear glaring problem, but the end of the sentence is funky. 'Anyone' is singular, as is 'video game designer,' but it switches to plural 'skilled writers and speakers.' This is a number agreement error - it should be "a skilled writer and speaker." Let's look at the answer choices. B is exactly what I predicted. C and D both have the same issue of inappropriate plural forms, and, aside from this error, neither is that much better than A. So I'm pretty confident B is the best answer." Now, I'm not literally thinking all these words in my head, but it matches my thinking process as I go through the question and evaluate each answer choice. As you learn the different grammar skills and how they appear on the test, you'll start evaluating answer choices for common ways that the SAT tries to trick you. Is a verb underlined? I'm going to check the subject to see if it follows subject/verb agreement. Then I'll check the verb tense. Is a pronoun underlined? I'm going to check the antecedent to see if it matches. Does an underline come right after a comma? I'm going to check if there's a faulty modifier error. I can justify every one of my answers because I know the grammar rules. This makes my answering more robust, not just based on whether something 'feels' right or wrong. Let's try another example for fun. Try to solve it yourself if you like. I'll start my stream of consciousness after I read the question: "This is a classic illogical comparison error - you're comparing "organically grown crops" with "people." Crops aren't more nutritious than people! We need to compare organic crops with conventionally grown crops.So I need an answer choice that solves this: A: same as original, which is wrong B: "organic crops are safer than the purchase of their conventionally grown counterparts" - no - it's better than comparing crops to people, but it's still not comparing crops to crops C: "organic crops are safer than purchasing their conventionally grown counterparts" - no, same error. This would be fine if the sentence read "they believe purchasing organic crops is safer than purchasing conventionally grown counterparts." But it doesn't. D: "organically crops are safer than their conventionally grown counterparts" - yes! It's crops to crops, perfect. You can see how I first identified the illogical comparison error in the original sentence. That made it very clear to me how I could find an answer choice that fixed this error. Then I went through each answer choice, replacing the text and seeing if it fixed the error. Note that in these questions, the SAT often fixes the original error in an answer choice- but then introduces another error. You need to make sure the answer you choose is 100% correct, in terms of both grammar and logic. Don't be intimidated if you can't do this right now. With practice and reflection, you will get to this point. Once again, it's like "the bee fly to the hive." You want to get to a point where all SAT grammar rules automatically sound as wrong as that sentence. Find patterns to your mistakes, and make sense of the chaos. Strategy 6: Find Patterns to Your Weaknesses and Drill Them Remember Strategy 4 above, about keeping a lot of every mistake? You need to take this even one more step further. If you're like most students, you're better at some areas in SAT Writing than others. You might know pronouns really well, but you'll be weak in sentence constructions and fragments. Or maybe you really like parallel construction, but you have no idea what faulty modifiers are. If you're like most students, you also don't have an unlimited amount of time to study. You have a lot of schoolwork, you might be an athlete or have intense extracurriculars, and you have friends to hang out with. This means for every hour you study for the SAT, it needs to be the most effective hour possible. In concrete terms,you need to find your greatest areas of improvement and work on those. Too many students study the 'dumb' way. They just buy a book and read it cover to cover. When they don't improve, they're SHOCKED. I'm not. Studying effectively for the SAT isn't like painting a house. You're not trying to cover your bases with a very thin layer of understanding. What these students did wrong was they wasted time on subjects they already knew well, and they didn't spend enough time improving their weak spots. Instead, studying effectively for the SAT is like plugging up the holes of a leaky boat. You need to find the biggest hole and fill it. Then you find the next biggest hole, and you fix that. Soon you'll find that your boat isn't sinking at all. How does this relate to SAT Writing? You need to find the grammar rules that you're having most trouble in, and then do enough practice questions until they're no longer a weakness. Fixing up the biggest holes. For every question that you miss, you need to identify the type of question it is and why you missed it. When you notice patterns to the questions you miss, you then need to find extra practice for this grammar rule. Say you miss a lot of misplaced modifier questions. You need to find a way to get lesson material to teach yourself the main concepts that you're forgetting. Then you need to find more practice questions for this skill so you can drill your mistakes. This is the best way for you to improve your Writing score. Once again, this is exactly how I designed our PrepScholar online SAT prep program to work. It automatically figures out your greatest weaknesses so you don't have to. We use advanced statistics with data from our thousands of students. With PrepScholar, you don't need to worry about what to study- you just need to focus on learning. Because it's worked for thousands of students, I'm pretty sure it'll work for you too. Click here to learn more. Strategy 7: Be Careful With NO CHANGE Answers In SAT Writing, most questions have a NO CHANGE option. In Improving Sentences types, A is the answer choice that doesn't change the underlined section. The SAT loves tricking students using these answer choices, because it knows that students who don't know grammar rules won't see anything wrong with the sentence. NO CHANGEis a really easy answer to choose. NO CHANGEs are one of the most common careless mistakes- make sure you don't fall for them. Be very careful whenever you choose one of these NO CHANGEanswer choices. Typically, these are correct answers around 25% of the time- not much more. If you find that you're choosing NO CHANGE 40% of the time, you're definitely not detecting grammar errors well enough. Every time you choose NO CHANGE, try to double-check the other answer choices to make sure you're not missing a grammar error. Especially take note of grammar rules that you tend to ignore mistakenly. Like I mentioned in Strategy 2 above, if you write down your mistakes and study your weaknesses, you'll be able to know which grammar rules you're weak at and then pay special attention to them. Personally, this was my most common careless error mistake. When I could see the error, I got the question correct nearly 100% of the time. The only times I missed questions were when I accidentally ignored an error. I solved this by double-checking each of the answer choices to make sure I wasn't leaving any stone unturned. Strategy 8: Think About Grammar in Everyday Life Among all subjects, Writing on the SAT is special because it appears in your everyday life. For school, you have to read a lot and you have to write a lot. Use these experiences as opportunities to notice grammar rules and sentence constructions. This is unique to SAT Writing. SAT Math is so bizarre compared to everyday life that you won't just naturally find ways to apply the Pythagorean theorem at breakfast. SAT Reading similarly requires very specific skills when reading a passage. But you can practice your grammar skills throughout the day. Here are some ideas: Proofread your friends' essays. Challenge yourself to uncover every grammatical error. Notice common errors around you. A lot of people comma splice, for example. Read high-quality, formal publications, like the New York Times or the Economist. These articles go through editors, so they rarely have grammar errors. You'll develop that ear for language I mentioned. Note that this isn't very efficient studying, and I don't recommend this for the sake of improving reading comprehension for SAT Reading. If you read like this for fun anyway, then go for it, but don't spend 100 hours reading for the sake of SAT Reading+Writing - spend that time on practice questions instead. The more you think about grammar as a fundamental skill rather than something specialized for the SAT, the more natural it will feel to you. Strategy 9: Finish With Extra Time and Double Check Your goal at the end of all this work is to get so good at SAT Writing that you solve every question and have extra time left over at the end of the section to recheck your work. In high school and even now, I can finish a 35 minute Reading section in 20 minutes or less. I then have 15 minutes left over to recheck my answers two times over. The best way to get faster, as explained above, is to get so fluent with SAT grammar that you rapidly zero in on the grammar mistakes without having to think hard about it. And to get fluent with Rhetoric questions so you can spot the trap answers. Try to aim for a target of spending 35 seconds on each question, reliably. This gives you enough time to doublecheck comfortably. What's the best way to double-check your work? I have a reliable method that I follow: Double-check any questions you marked that you're unsure of. Try hard to eliminate those answer choices. If it's a NO CHANGEquestion, double-check that you're not missing any grammar mistakes. If I'm 100% sure I'm right on a question, I mark it as such and never look at it again. If I'm not sure, I'll come back to it on the third pass. At least two minutes before time's up, I rapidly double-check that I bubbled the answers correctly. I try to do this all at once so as not to waste time looking back and forth between the test book and the answer sheet. Go five at a time ("A D E C B") for more speed. If you notice yourself spending more than 30 seconds on a problem and aren't clear how you'll get to the answer, skip and go to the next question. Even though you need a perfect raw score for an 800, don't be afraid to skip. You can come back to it later, and for now it's more important to get as many points as possible. Quick Tip: Bubbling Answers Here's a bubbling tip that will save you three minutes per section. When I first started test taking in high school, I did what many students do: after I finished one question, I went to the bubble sheet and filled it in. Then I solved the next question. Finish question 1, bubble in answer 1. Finish question 2, bubble in answer 2. And so forth. This actually wastes a lot of time. You're distracting yourself between two distinct tasks- solving questions, and bubbling in answers. This costs you time in both mental switching costs and in physically moving your hand and eyes to different areas of the test. Here's a better method: solve all your questions first in the book, then bubble all of them in at once. This has several huge advantages: you focus on each task one at a time, rather than switching between two different tasks. You also eliminate careless entry errors, like if you skip question 7 and bubble in question 8's answer into question 7's slot. By saving just five seconds per question, you get back 100 seconds on a section that has 20 questions. This is huge. Note: If you use this strategy, you should already be finishing the section with ample extra time to spare. Otherwise, you might run out of time before you have the chance to bubble in the answer choices all at once. In Overview Those are the main strategies I have for you to improve your SAT Writing score to a perfect 40, and to a total 800. If you're scoring above a 30 right now, with hard work and smart studying, you can raise it to a perfect Writing score. Even though we covered a lot of strategies, the main point is still this: you need to understand where you're falling short and drill those weaknesses continuously. You need to be thoughtful about your mistakes and leave no mistake ignored. One last tip: try to keep a steady head while you're taking the test. It's really easy to start doubting yourself because you know you need a near-perfect raw score. Even if you're unsure about two questions in a row, try to treat every question as its own independent test. If you start doubting yourself, you'll perform worse, and the worse you perform, the more you doubt yourself. Avoid this negative spiral of doubt and concentrate on being confident. You'll have studied a lot, and you'll do great on this test. Here's a recap of all the strategies, in case you want to go back and review any: Strategy 1: Understand Your High Level Weakness: Time Management, Content, or Essay Score Strategy 2: Comprehensively Learn the Grammar Rules Strategy 3: Get Intimately Familiar with the Rhetoric Question Types Strategy 4: Do a Ton of Practice, and Understand Every Single Mistake Strategy 5: Justify Every Answer. Point Out Specific Grammar Errors. Justify the Rhetoric Choice Strategy 6: Find Patterns to Your Weaknesses and Drill Them Strategy 7: Be Careful with NO CHANGEAnswers Strategy 8: Think About Grammar in Everyday Life Strategy 9: Finish With Extra Time and Double Check Keep reading for more resources on how to boost your SAT score. What's Next? We have a lot more useful guides to raise your SAT score. Read our complete guide to a perfect 1600, written by me, a perfect scorer. Read our accompanying guides on how to get an 800 on SAT Math and how to get an 800 on SAT Reading. Learn how to write a perfect-scoring 8|8|8 SAT essay, step by step. Make sure you study SAT vocab using the most effective way possible. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

BUS499-MoD 4 (SLP) The Learning and Growth Perspective Essay

BUS499-MoD 4 (SLP) The Learning and Growth Perspective - Essay Example ll the social responsibility of the organization and will help the organization to build up a strong image among competitors (Lawrie and Cobbold, 2004). Improving the current work processes will positively affect the performance of employees and managers and improves the overall productivity of the organization. It will also reduce the possibility of mishap and confusion regarding the work assigned. . Standardization of processes will minimize the possibility of mistake and will ultimately result in cost and time effectiveness (Lipe and Salterio, 2000). This will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of whole staff as it will provide new ways towards the problem solving of employees. It will also increase customer loyalty and satisfaction. It will help the organization to stay update and competitive in the market (Northcott and Smith, 2011). The culture defines the organization; building of strong organizational culture will create a satisfactory working environment for employees and will work as motivational factor for employees to meet organization’s goals (Palladium, 2011). It will increase the overall performance of employees as motivation works as a driver to effectiveness of employee performance. It may include fringe benefits, appraisal, allowances etc (Tapinos, Dyson, and Meadows, 2011). This objective will increase the performance of employees and will make them efficient enough to better understand customer’s need and problem and will also allow them to cater the need in an effective manner (Tohidi, Jafari, and Afshar, 2010). Develop techniques to measure employee performance and activities such as undertaking monthly performance assessment activity which will provide the organization an insight to the performance of employees (Tseng, 2010). Learning and growth prospective of balanced score card has given the organization a platform to enhance its performance, with focus on employees and organizational culture it has provided the