ancestry: roots :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The experiment calls for us to trace our ancestry in any manner possible and trace where we as an ethnicity came from. I decided to concentrate on my mothers’ side of the family because it is more interesting and something other members in my family have already started to investigate. I choose not to concentrate on my fathers’ side because being Mexican is the general term people associate me with. I wanted to elaborate on the other part of my culture, being Native American.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the stories my great grandmother told my mother back in the day, we have always known that we were Native American Indians. When my mother was told these stories it was not that big of a deal to be Indian, therefore she did not pay much attention to detail. After my great grandfather died, we found out his brother was receiving benefits from certain Indian tribes and was entitled to land. This information made my mother and her siblings start to question their original background in specific detail. When they contacted their uncle he had no information for them and told them that he would not share how he was able to receive benefits. He told my aunt that he wanted the family to work hard and not accept free money. My aunt explained that she just wanted to know about her father, who was deceased by now, so my great uncle shared some stories with her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We found out that my great grandfather was from the Mascalero-Apache tribe in New Mexico. He was born in New Mexico, Katilino Quivas, in the late 1890’s. He was kicked out of his own tribe for marrying my great grandmother, who was from a different tribe. Some people in my family say that he was the chief of the tribe, so then did he kick himself out? We are not sure if that is true and are trying to find literature on the notion. What we do know is that he changed his last name from Quivas to Beltran. At that time there was a lot of segregation and hostility towards Indians. His brother notes that it was better to be considered Mexican than Indian at the time, for Indians were lower than Blacks. They concealed their Native American background and hid the fact that they were from a tribe. Katilino Beltran then joined the army and fought in World War I. ancestry: roots :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The experiment calls for us to trace our ancestry in any manner possible and trace where we as an ethnicity came from. I decided to concentrate on my mothers’ side of the family because it is more interesting and something other members in my family have already started to investigate. I choose not to concentrate on my fathers’ side because being Mexican is the general term people associate me with. I wanted to elaborate on the other part of my culture, being Native American.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the stories my great grandmother told my mother back in the day, we have always known that we were Native American Indians. When my mother was told these stories it was not that big of a deal to be Indian, therefore she did not pay much attention to detail. After my great grandfather died, we found out his brother was receiving benefits from certain Indian tribes and was entitled to land. This information made my mother and her siblings start to question their original background in specific detail. When they contacted their uncle he had no information for them and told them that he would not share how he was able to receive benefits. He told my aunt that he wanted the family to work hard and not accept free money. My aunt explained that she just wanted to know about her father, who was deceased by now, so my great uncle shared some stories with her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We found out that my great grandfather was from the Mascalero-Apache tribe in New Mexico. He was born in New Mexico, Katilino Quivas, in the late 1890’s. He was kicked out of his own tribe for marrying my great grandmother, who was from a different tribe. Some people in my family say that he was the chief of the tribe, so then did he kick himself out? We are not sure if that is true and are trying to find literature on the notion. What we do know is that he changed his last name from Quivas to Beltran. At that time there was a lot of segregation and hostility towards Indians. His brother notes that it was better to be considered Mexican than Indian at the time, for Indians were lower than Blacks. They concealed their Native American background and hid the fact that they were from a tribe. Katilino Beltran then joined the army and fought in World War I.

Cultural Approach Towards Brandsing by Starbucks

Study of cultural approach taken by Starbucks to branding in global marketplace ABSTRACT: _The international marketing promises to solve managerial problems using technical and universalizing approach. Ethnocentric approach to branding is been adopted by the researchers. As the global market develops this seems to be problematic. Thus it is important that some key premises and foundation needs to be revised. The branding research needs to be historically and contextually grounded, polycentric in orientation, and acutely attuned to the symbolic significance of brands of all types. INTRODUCTION: Brands are going everywhere in the global popular market. The Nike tick mark, the Coco-Cola symbol or McDonald’s M triggers tens and hundreds of responses. Brands are becoming integral part of our culture thus there is a great need for international marketing scholars to change with the changing global market condition and also contribute to the public dissonance of branding practices. T he theory and tools available are not sufficient to analyze the complexity of globalization and the brands role in it. The international marketing still does not suggest the appropriate theoretical and methodological challenges brought by globalization, and also in branding. AIM: Study of cultural approach taken by Starbucks to branding in global marketplace. OBJECTIVE: Theoretical and methodological blueprint for studying the cultural role of Starbucks in global market. LITERATURE REVIEW: 1. A* Cultural Approach to Branding in the Global Marketplace*. Review: Related Questions: Premises: What cultural differences (national, regional) do branding strategies embed? How have different branding concepts and theories emerged and for what purposes? Analytical approach: How do traditional brand landscapes affect globalized brands? How do brands at different geographical scales interact in market space? What kinds of mythic elements make for good brand stories? Can we predict the emergence of â€Å"antibrands† (e. g. , Mecca Cola, fair trade)? Units of analysis: How do brands globalize? To what degree do various brand architectures translate across cultures? Is it possible to develop an archive of commercially compelling narrative elements? Review: The Starbucks Brandscape and Consumers’ (Anti-corporate) Experiences of Globalization Review: Significance of Research: Help Starbucks understand the cultural effect on globalization. Help Starbucks to adopt appropriate strategy depending on the cultural aspects and consumer behavior geographically. Data collection: Journals from Internet. Personal visit to Starbucks. Interview with the staff and manager of Starbucks. BIBLOGRAPHY: Burgess, Steven M. and Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp (2006), â€Å"Marketing Renaissance: How Research in Emerging Consumer Markets Advances Marketing, 23 (4), 337–56. Aaker, Jennifer and Patti Williams (1998), â€Å"Empathy Versus Pride: The Research, 25 (December), 241–61.

An Overview of Republican Motherhood - 1445 Words

Republican Motherhood is a term used to describe women’s attitudes and roles before, during, and after the American Revolution. These republican mothers, daughters of patriots, were raised with the ideals of republicanism, and were expected to pass on these ideals to the next generation. Republican Motherhood enforced the concept that a domestic women’s domain of life should be kept somewhat separate from men, and that their role was extremely important in raising the next generation. Republican Motherhood also encouraged that women should be educated, which added a sense of importance and dignity that had been absent from previous conceptions of women’s work. John Adams and his wife, Abigail are exemplary of Republican Motherhood. Abigail Smith was born in 1744 in Massachusetts, into a well-known and respected family. On her mother’s side were descendants of a family of great prestige, and her father was a Congregational minister, who was the lead er in a society. Like other women of her time, Smith lacked education, but she was a curious and intelligent person and she read enthusiastically the books that she could get access to. Reading led her to meeting John Adams, and they got married in 1764. John Adams’ career was in politics, so Abigail was kept away from her husband for long periods of time as he served the country. Abigail Adams died in 1818, after 17 years of peaceful retirement with her husband in Quincy, Massachusetts. I truly believe that Abigail andShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act : A Policy Examination2388 Words   |  10 PagesThe Affordable Care Act: A Policy Examination Overview of the problem Overview The Affordable Care Act, also called the ACA or Obamacare, is a health care reform law in America. The Affordable Care Act is a long, complex piece of legislation that attempts to reform the healthcare system by providing more Americans with affordable quality health insurance and by curbing the growth in healthcare spending. The law includes new benefits, rights, and protections, rules for Insurance Companies, taxesRead MoreChild Rearing (19th Century)6310 Words   |  26 Pagesfigure though, happened in private, the domestic sphere belonging to the â€Å"Angel of the House† – the woman. The new nation of America demanded independent male citizens and they were to be created by the mother. One that fitted into that occuring motherhood cult. Writers during that period suggested that certain emotions like jealousy and anger were unproductive and parents were to support their children, to control their tempers and self-discipline. Also parents were to watch their own angerRead More A Dystopian Future in Brave New World Essay examples4100 Words   |  17 Pagesnovel he suggests that this type of universal happiness is not only unrealistic but goes on to suggest a far worse scenario-a world in which the price for that happiness comes at the sacrifice of most things equated to being a human being, like motherhood, home, family, freedom and love.   However, some who argue against Huxleys scenario believe technology will not create a world of clones with no identity living solely for carnal pursuits (even though our modern world and material society fairlyRead MoreAbortion Is The Intentional Termination Of A Pregnancy After Conception3991 Words   |  16 Pagesrates (Boston Women s Health Book Collective, History of A bortion). These reasons provided cannot explain the reason the subject always gets attacked. Anti-abortion legislation was part of the antifeminist growing movements for suffrage, voluntary motherhood, and other women’s rights in the 19th century. Often unable to find a provider, poor women and women of color turned to dangerous self-abortions, such as inserting knitting needles or coat hangers into the vagina and uterus, douching with dangerousRead MoreResearch Questions On Gender Stereotyping And Workplace Female Discrimination7192 Words   |  29 Pages This can be caused by various factors, one of these being gender stereotyping (Badawi, 2012). Employee Turnover. This is referred to employees depart from organizations and those that get replaced (Mayhew, 2016). Summary This segment is a brief overview of the problem, subsequently stated as female managers and supervisors are perceived more negatively than their male counterparts. Nevertheless this can also be regarded as female discrimination in the workplace since it is the female managers andRead MoreGender Pay Gap14271 Words   |  58 PagesGo to Main Section of Page | Home |   View PDF | Email | Print | Save to Favorite Documents | CiteNow! | Find Keyword | * FULL REPORT * Introduction * Overview * Background * Current Situation * Outlook * Pro/Con * Chronology * Short Features * Maps/Graphs * Bibliography * The Next Step * Contacts * Footnotes * About the Author * * Comments | Gender Pay Gap | Are women paid fairly in the workplace? | March 14, 2008 †¢ Volume 18, Issue 11Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe most recent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at the end of a multiterm sequence of world history units has meant that it often ends up becoming a rushed add-on of rather random, abbreviated capsule summaries and general overviews. In view of the fact that no phase of history can begin to match the twentieth century in terms of the extent to which it has shaped the contemporary world, this marginalization is particularly pernicious and has been at times literally lethalRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages social, cultural, and technological ones—when addressing these activities. These external considerations are especially important when HR activities must be managed internationally, as discussed in Chapter 4. The HR activities for which a brief overview follows are: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  HR Planning and Analysis Equal Employment Opportunity Staffing HR Development Compensation and Benefits Health, Safety, and Security Employee and Labor/Management Relations HR Planning and Analysis HR planning andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages†¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women†

Communication Is The Key Of A Marriage - 958 Words

†¢ Communication Communication is the key in a marriage, it can make and break a marriage. In order to manage conflict in a marriage the answer in communication. Various marriages have diverse ways of communicating. Sue and Bill problems are mostly created due to the lack of an effective communication skill. Communication and intimacy goes hand in hand. Increase in communication between a couples can increase the intimacy between that couples. Before will had an affair there was a lack of confirmation between sue and bill. They fail to recognize each other and express the worth the person has to the significant other .The lack of traction management in this marriage has caused the conflict in between bill and sue to escalade that not only them are the victims of this conflict but also their children. The disability to exercise self-control has created this breach in their marriage because every single conversation that arises does not accomplish anything but all it does is ass more fuel to the fire. According to this passage Bill works long hours at a factory, he pays child support to Kiki and in addition he provides money for Sue and their children’s needs. After his long day he come home to fight with his wife, the failure for sue and bill to study there partners metamessage or conversational style has created conversational pattern that is detrimental to the marriage. †¢ Conflict Conflict can occur in a marriage when one spouse needs or desire are mismatched to the otherShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Concept of Marriage985 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is the bonding between people by social union or legal contract. Marriage is when two people have a wedding ceremony to exchange vows before God and their family. 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Most importantly, the husband and wife need to bothRead MoreThe Human Race Progress Without Communication864 Words   |  4 PagesHow much would the human race progress without communication? The procedure of communication has been vital to any growth or development made by humans over the years. From humanity’s beginnings as cavemen, with no formal communication system, to modern days, when people can seemingly communicate with anyone, anywhere, it has always been very important. Communication is a series of processes involving certain key elements and the relationship between them, allowing people to form and interpret messagesRead MoreEssay on Circumplex Model1266 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marriage and Family are very important aspects of the human experience. These two units play vital roles in who individuals are and who they may become. Many times issues or problems arise in the marriage and family structure thus, requiring therapy in order to make matters better. 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Many newlyweds come into a marriage thinking it is easy but do not consider the consequences of marriage that heavily rely on balances and partnership. Marriage is all about compromise. It is important to engage in a premarital program to allow both partners to learn what to expect within a marriage, how to face certain roadblocks, and to better communication when conflict is aroused so that divorce does not become anRead Moreletter of advice com 200 wk 51575 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively communicate in your relationship. In taking an interpersonal communication course, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. I feel that it is only right that I share information I have learned for the marriage you have ahead. I know that you are newly engaged, and this information will prove to be of use in your relationship. It is important that interpersonal communication become the building blocks betwee n both parties. This will highly effectRead MoreSelf-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication639 Words   |  3 Pageshead: SELF-DISCLOSURE, GENDER, AND COMMUNICATION 1 Self- Disclosure, Gender, and Communication Gary Wayne McCoy COM 200 Interpersonal Communications Instructor: Jennifer Chagala February 11, 2012 SELF-DISCLOSURE, GENDER, AND COMMUNICATION 2 â€Å"Self-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication† Communication is one of the most important things in our lives. Quality communication in marriage is defined as the interpersonal, transactionalRead MoreCommunication : Understanding Interpersonal Communication1554 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction AND Thesis Statement Communication is the number one key in a relationship, especially when you re talking about marriage. I would like to take this moment to say congratulation on your recent marriage. 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The Effects Of Black Culture On American Literature

Nicole Paul WRIT303 Toni Morrison: Playing in the Dark In Toni Morrison’s article Playing in the Dark, she is discussing how racism effects American literature. To Morrison, black culture is a tiny speck in American literature and she wants to expand it. Before Morrison could even think about doing this, she had to change her perspective and imagine what it is like to be in someone else’s shoes. Morrison states that, â€Å"My work requires me to think about how â€Å"free† I can be as an African-American woman writer in my genderized, sexualized, wholly racialized world.† (pg. 4) To be put in someone else’s shoes means that you need to become them in a sense. American literature holds the tradition where books are written by or about white†¦show more content†¦Race is such a forbidden topic that people do not talk about it so that lessens the chances of that subject being written about. Morrison states that some of these literary critics have not even read any African American literature and t hat has absolutely no impact on the, whatsoever. Some of them just refuse to read African American literature leaving them unaware on what it has to offer. Toni Morrison would like to bring Africanism to American literature. She states â€Å"My early assumptions as a reader were that black people signified little or nothing in the imagination of white American writers.† (pg. 15) It was then Morrison states that she stopped reading as a reader and began reading as a writer. (pg. 15) It seemed as though American literature was being shaped by racial ideology, but in some way authors were representing themselves in the African American characters they put in their writing. Morrison wants to make a change in American literature being her reason for writing this essay. In Playing in the Dark, Toni Morrison’s argument is for extending literary studies into new books. Morrison wants new fields to open up and that is what she is planning on doing. Morrison simply states at the beginning of the essay, â€Å"These chapters put forth an argument for extending the study of American literature into what I hope will be a wider landscape.† (pg. 3) This to Morrison is her goal. It is what she is setting out to do

Cloud Computing Computing Resources

Question: Discuss about theCloud Computing for Computing Resources. Answer: What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is hosting services over the internet. So the cloud computing is the delivery of the computing resources over the internet on demand of the user. As it can be understood from the above statement that the resources are available over the internet, the internet connection is mandatory for the utilizing the resources that are remotely available for the usage. Since the resources are not dedicated to the facility, hence can be shared by multiple users thus making the system optimized. Thus the organization which uses the cloud doesnt need the dedicated resources, thus saving the valuable money for buying the onsite computing resources. The cloud tends to have greater redundancy and cheaper compared to the dedicated resources, which is the reason behind the success of the concept (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). Hence from the above discussion it can be concluded that the usage of the computing resources by multiple users over the internet is termed as the cloud computing. Characteristics of Cloud Computing? The previous question helped in understanding the concept of cloud computing. The cloud computing is characterized by the usage of the computing resources over the internet. The cloud services that are provided by the various vendors are the storage, processing, etc. The various services provided over the cloud can be categorized in to three modules, which are: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. The characteristics of the cloud services can be categorized into five segments. The first characteristic is self-services based on demand, which helps in automated services without human interaction (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). The second characteristic is the broader network access, which allows usage of the resources by the client from various locations and on different devices. The second characteristic leads to the third one which is the resource pooling. The cloud services are extremely elastic which is the fourth characteristic, and finally, the fifth characteristic is the well-monitored services that lead to paying for the services based on the usage policy. Components of Cloud Computing. The components of the cloud are the various devices that are used for the implementation of the cloud services. It is the part of the architecture; hence components can be segmented into five segments (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016): The services are the various software that is used over the cloud. Hence the services are made available through the internet, and the user need not be concerned about the backend application processes. The application is the backbone of the services that are offered it is the next level of the services and is responsible for running the services. The platform is the soft services of the application and is the direct link between the hardware and the software of the services. The storage of the cloud is the most vital part of the application as it acts as the warehouse for the information that is shared over the services. The infrastructure of the cloud is the heart or the backbone of the whole cloud services as these are the main resources that are shared through the various applications that act as the face of the whole system The Architecture of Cloud Computing. The architecture of the cloud refers to the various components that are used for the execution of the cloud services. Since the cloud computing gives various computing services over the internet, the various components like front end platform, back-end services, and the delivery mechanism should be well maintained (Dinh et al. 2013). The front end application or the platforms refer to the various services like application that give the access to the back-end applications with the help of the internet. So the front end applications are the various clients like a fat client, thin client or the mobile devices. Figure 1: Cloud Computing Architecture (Negi 2015) The back end resources of the cloud computing are the destination where all the application run. Hence the front end can be taken as the face, and the back end is the brain. Hence the various back-end resources are the server, memory, processor, etc. Finally, the internet acts as the communication media over which the data is transferred from the front end to back end via Ethernet, the internet, intranet, etc. Types of Cloud Computing. The three types of the cloud computing are (Jadeja and Modi 2012): Public: The public cloud refers to the cloud infrastructure where the cloud services are made available to several user and the cloud service providers who use the services like and application over the internet. As per the policy, the services could be free or can be charged as per the usage. Private: The main characteristic of the private cloud is, it serves only a single organization, but the services that are provided is similar to the public cloud but is more secure compared to the previous one. The various advantages of the cloud are delivered as a proprietary architecture. The private cloud offers direct control over various aspects of the cloud and reduces dependencies over third party. Hybrid: The hybrid cloud is a combination of the two cloud computing interfaces i.e. public cloud in which the services are provided by the third party and public cloud which maintains in house cloud services. The private may be meant for the critical workloads and the public services are meant for general implementation. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing. There are various advantages of using the cloud services in the facility thus making it an extremely useful proposition (Avram 2014). There is no need of installation of dedicated hardware in the facility. The cloud services are charged by the usage thus making is extremely cheap compared to the traditional model. The redundancy of the cloud is very high and cheaper. The services can be accessed from anywhere. The system is real-time, and the changes of the system can be observed at the same instant. The disadvantages of the system are: The cloud services heavily depend on the internet; hence the connectivity failure could lead to service failure. Since the services are shared by many users, the data security is very less compared to the traditional model. The downtime of the server too could prove disastrous and should be taken care of in the SLA. Applications of Cloud Computing. The cloud computation allows various advantages over the traditional model of computing. Thus the various application of cloud are (Leymann et al. 2014): The infrastructure is taken on a short time basis thus making is an ideal platform for testing the software thus saving valuable resources needed for the same purpose. Creation of the private cloud or the hybrid cloud is extremely interesting proposition as the expansion of the organization is solved well with the implementation of the hybrid or the private cloud. The cloud services are also used as the memory for storage of the data that can be recovered with the help of internet. Various software is also implemented in the cloud that is offered to the users over the internet and hence is extremely effective in storing and sharing of the data, e.g. MYOB cloud. References Avram, M.G., 2014. Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, pp.529-534. Davis, M.J., 2014. Architecting the Cloud: Design Decisions for Cloud computing service models (SaaS, PaaS, AND IaaS). John Wiley Sons. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Jadeja, Y. and Modi, K., 2012, March. Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. InComputing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 877-880). IEEE. Leymann, C., Fehling, F., Retter, R., Schuck, W. and Arbiter, P., 2014. Cloud computing patterns. Springer, Heidelberg. Negi, M.C., 2015. A comprehensive study on Microsoft azures cloud services, architecture, and controls implementation. IJAR,1(10), pp.538-542. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC Press. Zissis, D. and Lekkas, D., 2012. Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation Computer Systems,28(3), pp.583-592.

Jude The Obscure By Hardy Essays - Jude The Obscure, Jude

Jude The Obscure By Hardy In Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy presents the characters Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead, who violate the conventions of the repressive Victorian society while attempting to follow their natural instincts. By studying the novel, one sees that Hardy's intentions in doing this are to arouse the reader's sympathy for the characters, and to join in their ridicule of the codes of conduct they are breaking. The trial of Jude and Sue evoke a sympathetic response from the reader because the couple reflects the values which are prevalent in modern society. They suffer persecution for yielding to emotions which are no longer considered unacceptable or forbidden, as they were then. This portrays Victorian society as being cruel and unnatural, thus creating affection for the characters. Hardy understood the tendency for society to swing like a pendulum from one extreme to the other. He knew that the Victorian era would not last indefinitely, and that future generations would become more liberated. This is beautifully illustrated in this reflection of Sue's: 'When people of a later age look back upon the barbarous customs and superstitions of the times that we have the unhappiness to live in, what will they think?' (p.276) According to modern values, it is wrong to condemn people for following their pure and natural instincts, though they ?have wronged no man, condemned no man, defrauded no man.' (p.378) Therefore, by predicting these shifts, and exposing the injustice of Victorian society, Hardy evokes sympathy in the reader for Sue and Jude. Hardy also uses the two characters to reveal that he finds the society in which they live ridiculous. He joins Sue and Jude as they laugh at ?the artificial system of things, under which the normal sex-impulses are turned into devilish domestic gins and springes to noose and hold back those who want to progress. (p.279) In rare times of ?Greek joyousness' (p.366) Jude and Sue live by ?Nature's law' and are able to enjoy, unabated, the ?instincts which civilization has taken upon itself to thwart.' (p.413) It is during these times that the two are truly able to laugh at the conventions they have violated, as they are content and unaffected by the repercussions. Hardy takes these opportunities to laugh with them, as through their words and actions he reveals his contempt for the Victorian system. Thomas Hardy's novel Jude the Obscure, illustrates the attempts made by Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead to defy the rules and customs of Victorian society. This evokes a sympathetic reaction from the reader and allows the author to prudently scorn the system along with the characters. This method of indirectly criticizing Victorian society is appropriate for a time when freedom of expression was a punishable crime.